BetsyAs a CPDT-KA certified dog trainer with over 8 years of experience working with animals, I’ve often been asked, “Why do dogs lick each other on the mouth?” This behavior, while sometimes puzzling to us humans, is actually a fascinating aspect of canine communication and social interaction. In this article, we’ll explore the reasons behind this behavior, backed by research and expert opinions, to help you better understand your furry friends.
The Science Behind Dog Mouth Licking
Dogs licking each other’s mouths is a natural behavior rooted in their evolutionary history. To truly understand this behavior, let’s dive into some scientific research and expert insights.
Case Study 1: Wolf Pack Behavior
A 2017 study published in the journal Scientific Reports observed wolf pack behavior in Yellowstone National Park. Researchers found that mouth licking was common among pack members, especially when greeting after periods of separation. This behavior was interpreted as a sign of social bonding and reassurance.
Expert Opinion: Dr. Alexandra Horowitz
Dr. Alexandra Horowitz, head of the Dog Cognition Lab at Barnard College, explains, “Mouth licking in dogs is likely derived from wolf puppy behavior. Puppies lick their mother’s mouth to stimulate regurgitation of partially digested food. In adult dogs, this behavior has evolved into a greeting and social bonding gesture.”
Reasons Why Do Dogs Lick Each Other on the Mouth?
Now that we understand the evolutionary basis, let’s explore the specific reasons why dogs engage in this behavior.
1. Submission and Respect
One of the primary reasons dogs lick each other’s mouths is to show submission or respect to a more dominant dog. This behavior is often seen in younger dogs or those lower in the social hierarchy.
2. Greeting and Affection
Just as humans might greet each other with a hug or kiss, dogs use mouth licking as a friendly hello. It’s their way of saying, “I’m happy to see you!”
3. Information Gathering
Dogs have an incredible sense of smell, and licking another dog’s mouth can provide valuable information about what they’ve eaten, where they’ve been, and their overall health status.
Case Study 2: Domestic Dog Interactions
A 2021 study published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior observed interactions between 100 domestic dogs at a daycare facility. The researchers found that mouth licking was more common among dogs that had established friendly relationships, suggesting its role in maintaining social bonds.
Expert Opinion: Dr. Stanley Coren
Dr. Stanley Coren, professor emeritus of psychology at the University of British Columbia, states, “Mouth licking in dogs serves multiple purposes. It can be a sign of deference, a way to gather information, or simply a friendly greeting. The context and body language of the dogs involved are crucial for interpreting the behavior correctly.”
When Should You Be Concerned?
While mouth licking is generally a normal and healthy behavior, there are instances where it might indicate a problem.
Excessive Licking
If one dog seems to be excessively licking another dog’s mouth, it could be a sign of anxiety or compulsive behavior. In such cases, it’s best to consult with a professional dog trainer or behaviorist.
Aggression or Discomfort
If the dog being licked shows signs of discomfort or aggression, it’s important to intervene and separate the dogs to prevent potential conflicts.
Expert Opinion: Dr. Marty Becker
Dr. Marty Becker, known as “America’s Veterinarian,” advises, “While mouth licking is usually harmless, pet owners should be attentive to their dogs’ body language. If either dog seems stressed or uncomfortable, it’s best to redirect their attention to prevent escalation.”
High-Altitude Tips for Understanding Dog Mouth Licking
- Observe the overall context and body language of both dogs
- Consider the relationship between the dogs (familiar vs. unfamiliar)
- Look for signs of stress or discomfort in either dog
- Remember that brief, occasional mouth licking is usually normal
- Consult a professional if you’re concerned about excessive licking
Interactive Element: What’s Your Experience?
Have you observed mouth licking behavior in your own dogs? We’d love to hear about your experiences! Share your observations in the comments below, including:
- The circumstances in which you’ve seen this behavior
- How your dogs react to mouth licking
- Any interesting patterns you’ve noticed
Your input can help other dog owners better understand their pets!
Case Study 3: Multi-Dog Households
A 2022 study published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science examined mouth licking behavior in multi-dog households. The researchers found that mouth licking was more frequent between dogs with established relationships and often occurred during times of excitement or after periods of separation.
Expert Opinion: Patricia McConnell, Ph.D.
Patricia McConnell, Ph.D., a certified applied animal behaviorist, explains, “In multi-dog households, mouth licking can serve as a way to maintain social harmony. It’s often seen as a calming signal, helping to diffuse potential tensions and reinforce social bonds.”
The Role of Breed and Individual Personality
While mouth licking is a common behavior across all dogs, certain factors can influence its frequency and intensity.
Breed Tendencies
Some breeds, particularly those bred for close human interaction like Labrador Retrievers or Golden Retrievers, may be more prone to licking behaviors in general.
Individual Personality
Just like humans, dogs have unique personalities. Some may be more “licky” than others, regardless of breed.
Expert Opinion: Ian Dunbar, Ph.D.
Veterinarian and animal behaviorist Ian Dunbar, Ph.D., notes, “While breed can play a role in licking behavior, individual personality and early socialization experiences are often more significant factors. It’s important not to make broad generalizations based solely on breed.”
How to Manage Mouth Licking Behavior
If you find that mouth licking is becoming problematic or excessive, there are steps you can take to manage the behavior:
- Provide alternative forms of stimulation and interaction
- Use positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors
- Consult with a professional dog trainer for personalized advice
- Ensure all dogs in the household have their own space and resources
- Monitor interactions closely and intervene if necessary
The Importance of Understanding Canine Body Language
To truly interpret mouth licking behavior, it’s crucial to understand the broader context of canine body language. This includes tail position, ear position, overall posture, and other subtle cues that dogs use to communicate.
Expert Opinion: Turid Rugaas
Turid Rugaas, renowned dog trainer and author of “On Talking Terms with Dogs: Calming Signals,” emphasizes, “Mouth licking is just one of many calming signals dogs use. To fully understand its meaning, we must observe the entire range of body language and the context in which it occurs.”
Conclusion
Understanding why dogs lick each other on the mouth provides valuable insight into canine communication and social behavior. This natural behavior serves multiple purposes, from showing respect and affection to gathering information. By observing your dogs’ interactions and considering the context, you can better interpret and respond to their needs.
Remember, while mouth licking is generally normal, excessive licking or signs of discomfort should be addressed. Always prioritize your dogs’ well-being and don’t hesitate to seek professional advice if you have concerns.
By deepening our understanding of canine behavior, we can strengthen our bonds with our furry companions and create happier, healthier relationships.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it safe for dogs to lick each other’s mouths?
Generally, yes. Mouth licking is a natural behavior for dogs. However, if you notice excessive licking or signs of discomfort, it’s best to intervene and consult a veterinarian if necessary.
How can I tell if mouth licking is friendly or submissive?
Friendly licking is usually brief and reciprocal, while submissive licking may be more persistent and accompanied by other deferential body language like lowered ears or averted gaze.
Should I stop my dog from licking other dogs’ mouths?
In most cases, there’s no need to stop this natural behavior. However, if it becomes excessive or causes distress to either dog, gentle redirection is appropriate.
Do all dogs lick each other’s mouths?
While mouth licking is common, not all dogs engage in this behavior. Individual personality, socialization, and relationships between dogs play a role in how frequently this behavior occurs.
Can mouth licking spread diseases between dogs?
While the risk is generally low, it’s possible for certain infections to spread through saliva. Ensure your dogs are up-to-date on vaccinations and maintain good oral hygiene.
Why does my dog try to lick inside my mouth?
Dogs may attempt to lick inside a human’s mouth as a sign of affection or to gather information. However, for hygiene reasons, it’s best to discourage this behavior.
Is mouth licking related to a dog’s diet?
Sometimes, dogs may lick another dog’s mouth if they smell food residue. However, most mouth licking is social behavior rather than food-seeking.
How does mouth licking differ between puppies and adult dogs?
Puppies often lick adult dogs’ mouths to stimulate regurgitation, a behavior inherited from their wolf ancestors. Adult dogs typically lick each other’s mouths for social reasons.
Can mouth licking indicate health problems?
Excessive mouth licking, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like bad breath or difficulty eating, could indicate dental issues or other health problems. Consult a veterinarian if you’re concerned.
How does spaying or neutering affect mouth licking behavior?
Spaying or neutering generally doesn’t directly affect mouth licking behavior, as it’s primarily a social behavior rather than a sexual one. However, it may indirectly influence social dynamics between dogs.
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